Tuesday, April 17, 2007
Monday, April 16, 2007
Pattern recognition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pattern recognition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "The classification or description scheme usually uses one of the following approaches: statistical (or decision theoretic), syntactic (or structural). Statistical pattern recognition is based on statistical characterisations of patterns, assuming that the patterns are generated by a probabilistic system. Structural pattern recognition is based on the structural interrelationships of features. A wide range of algorithms can be applied for pattern recognition, from very simple Bayesian classifiers to much more powerful neural networks.
An intriguing problem in pattern recognition yet to be solved is the relationship between the problem to be solved (data to be classified) and the performance of various pattern recognition algorithms (classifiers).
Holographic associative memory is another type of pattern matching scheme where a target small patterns can be searched from a large set of learned patterns based on cognitive meta-weight."
An intriguing problem in pattern recognition yet to be solved is the relationship between the problem to be solved (data to be classified) and the performance of various pattern recognition algorithms (classifiers).
Holographic associative memory is another type of pattern matching scheme where a target small patterns can be searched from a large set of learned patterns based on cognitive meta-weight."
Rene Descartes - Famous mathematicians pictures, posters, gifts items, note cards, greeting cards, and prints
Rene Descartes - Famous mathematicians pictures, posters, gifts items, note cards, greeting cards, and prints
René Descartes 1596 - 1650
René Descartes viewed the world with a cold analytical logic. He viewed all physical bodies, including the human body, as machines operated by mechanical principles. His philosophy proceeded from the austere logic of "cogito ergo sum" -- I think therefore I am.
In mathematics Descartes chief contribution was in analytical geometry.
Descartes' portrait is quadrisected by the axes of his great advance in analytical geometry: what has come to be known as the Cartesian plane. It enabled an algebraic representation of geometry.
Descartes saw that a point in a plane could be completely determined if its distances (conventionally 'x' and 'y') were given from two fixed lines drawn at right angles in the plane, with the now-familiar convention of interpreting positive and negative values.
Conventionally, such co-ordinates are referred to as "Cartesian co-ordinates".
Descartes asserted that, similarly, a point in 3-dimensional space could be determined by three co-ordinates.
René Descartes 1596 - 1650
René Descartes viewed the world with a cold analytical logic. He viewed all physical bodies, including the human body, as machines operated by mechanical principles. His philosophy proceeded from the austere logic of "cogito ergo sum" -- I think therefore I am.
In mathematics Descartes chief contribution was in analytical geometry.
Descartes' portrait is quadrisected by the axes of his great advance in analytical geometry: what has come to be known as the Cartesian plane. It enabled an algebraic representation of geometry.
Descartes saw that a point in a plane could be completely determined if its distances (conventionally 'x' and 'y') were given from two fixed lines drawn at right angles in the plane, with the now-familiar convention of interpreting positive and negative values.
Conventionally, such co-ordinates are referred to as "Cartesian co-ordinates".
Descartes asserted that, similarly, a point in 3-dimensional space could be determined by three co-ordinates.
Meme -
Meme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "he term 'meme' (IPA: /miːm/, rhyming with 'theme'; commonly pronounced in the US as /mɛm/, rhyming with 'gem'), coined/popularized in 1976[1] by the biologist Richard Dawkins, refers to a 'unit of cultural information' which can propagate from one mind to another in a manner analogous to genes (i.e., the units of genetic information).
Dawkins gave as examples of memes: tunes, catch-phrases, beliefs, clothes fashions, ways of making pots, or of building arches. A meme, he said, propagates itself as a unit of cultural evolution and diffusion — analogous in many ways to the behavior of the gene. Often memes propagate as more-or-less integrated cooperative sets or groups, referred to as memeplexes or meme-complexes.
The idea of memes has proved a successful meme in its own right, gaining a degree of penetration into popular culture which relatively few modern scientific theories achieve.
Proponents of memes suggest that memes evolve via natural selection — in a way very similar to Charles Darwin's ideas concerning biological evolution — on the premise that variation, mutation, competition, and 'inheritance' influence their replicative success. For example, while one idea may become extinct, other ideas will survive, spread, and mutate — for better or for worse — through modification."
Dawkins gave as examples of memes: tunes, catch-phrases, beliefs, clothes fashions, ways of making pots, or of building arches. A meme, he said, propagates itself as a unit of cultural evolution and diffusion — analogous in many ways to the behavior of the gene. Often memes propagate as more-or-less integrated cooperative sets or groups, referred to as memeplexes or meme-complexes.
The idea of memes has proved a successful meme in its own right, gaining a degree of penetration into popular culture which relatively few modern scientific theories achieve.
Proponents of memes suggest that memes evolve via natural selection — in a way very similar to Charles Darwin's ideas concerning biological evolution — on the premise that variation, mutation, competition, and 'inheritance' influence their replicative success. For example, while one idea may become extinct, other ideas will survive, spread, and mutate — for better or for worse — through modification."
Richard Dawkins - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Richard Dawkins - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "Dawkins first came to prominence with his 1976 book The Selfish Gene, which popularised the gene-centered view of evolution and introduced the term meme into the lexicon, helping found memetics. "
Richard Dawkins - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Richard Dawkins - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "Dawkins first came to prominence with his 1976 book The Selfish Gene, which popularised the gene-centered view of evolution and introduced the term meme into the lexicon, helping found memetics. "
The Origin of Species - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Origin of Species - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "Origin of Species (publ. 1859) is a pivotal work in scientific literature and arguably the pivotal work in evolutionary biology.[1] The book's full title is On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. It introduced the theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection"
Map/territory relation - W
Map/territory relation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "Korzybski's dictum ('The map is not the territory') is also cited as an underlying principle used in neuro-linguistic programming, where it is used to signify that individual people in fact do not in general have access to absolute knowledge of reality, but in fact only have access to a set of beliefs they have built up over time, about reality. So it is considered important to be aware that people's beliefs about reality and their awareness of things (the 'map') are not reality itself or everything they could be aware of ('the territory'). "
Map/territory relation -
Map/territory relation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "The map/territory relationship
Gregory Bateson, in 'Form, Substance and Difference,' from Steps to an Ecology of Mind (1972), elucidates the essential impossibility of knowing what the territory is, as any understanding of it is based on some representation:
We say the map is different from the territory. But what is the territory? Operationally, somebody went out with a retina or a measuring stick and made representations which were then put on paper. What is on the paper map is a representation of what was in the retinal representation of the man who made the map; and as you push the question back, what you find is an infinite regress, an infinite series of maps. The territory never gets in at all. […] Always, the process of representation will filter it out so that the mental world is only maps of maps, ad infinitum.
Elsewhere in that same volume, Bateson points out that the usefulness of a map (a representation of reality) is not necessarily a matter of its literal truthfulness, but its having a structure analogous, for the purpose at hand, to the territory. "
Gregory Bateson, in 'Form, Substance and Difference,' from Steps to an Ecology of Mind (1972), elucidates the essential impossibility of knowing what the territory is, as any understanding of it is based on some representation:
We say the map is different from the territory. But what is the territory? Operationally, somebody went out with a retina or a measuring stick and made representations which were then put on paper. What is on the paper map is a representation of what was in the retinal representation of the man who made the map; and as you push the question back, what you find is an infinite regress, an infinite series of maps. The territory never gets in at all. […] Always, the process of representation will filter it out so that the mental world is only maps of maps, ad infinitum.
Elsewhere in that same volume, Bateson points out that the usefulness of a map (a representation of reality) is not necessarily a matter of its literal truthfulness, but its having a structure analogous, for the purpose at hand, to the territory. "
Cartography -
Cartography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "Cartography or mapmaking (in Greek chartis = map and graphein = write) is the study and practice of making maps or globes. Maps have traditionally been made using pen and paper, but the advent and spread of computers have revolutionized cartography. Most commercial-quality maps are now made with map-making software that falls into one of three main types; CAD, GIS, and specialized map illustration software.
Maps function as visualization tools for spatial data. Spatial data is acquired from measurement and can be stored in a database, from which it can be extracted for a variety of purposes. Current trends in this field are moving away from analog methods of mapmaking and toward the creation of increasingly dynamic, interactive maps that can be manipulated digitally.
The cartographic process rests on the premise that the world is measurable and that we can make reliable representations or models of that reality. Mapmaking involves advanced skills and attitudes, particularly the use of symbols to represent certain geographic phenomena, as well as the ability to visualize the world in an abstract and scaled-down form."
Maps function as visualization tools for spatial data. Spatial data is acquired from measurement and can be stored in a database, from which it can be extracted for a variety of purposes. Current trends in this field are moving away from analog methods of mapmaking and toward the creation of increasingly dynamic, interactive maps that can be manipulated digitally.
The cartographic process rests on the premise that the world is measurable and that we can make reliable representations or models of that reality. Mapmaking involves advanced skills and attitudes, particularly the use of symbols to represent certain geographic phenomena, as well as the ability to visualize the world in an abstract and scaled-down form."
Map - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Map - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "map-making is cartography; see that page for further discussion of the history of maps and map-making.
Map-making dates back to the Stone Age and appears to predate written language by several millennia. One of the oldest surviving maps is painted on a wall of the Catal Huyuk settlement in south-central Anatolia (now Turkey); it dates from about 6200 BC. [1] One who makes maps professionally or privately is called a cartographer."
Map-making dates back to the Stone Age and appears to predate written language by several millennia. One of the oldest surviving maps is painted on a wall of the Catal Huyuk settlement in south-central Anatolia (now Turkey); it dates from about 6200 BC. [1] One who makes maps professionally or privately is called a cartographer."
Geocoding - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Geocoding - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "Geocoding is the process of assigning geographic identifiers (e.g., codes or geographic coordinates expressed as latitude-longitude) to map features and other data records, such as street addresses. You can also geocode media, for example where a picture was taken, IP Addresses, and anything that has a geographic component. With geographic coordinates, the features can then be mapped and entered into Geographic Information Systems.
A geocoder"
A geocoder"
Geocode - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Geocode - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "A Geocode (Geospatial Entity Object Code) is code that represents a geospatial coordinate measurement of an exact geographic location and time at, below, or above the surface of the earth.
A Geocode representation is derived from the following geospatial attributes: 1. Latitude 2. Longitude 3. Altitude 4. Date 5. Local Time 6. Global Time 7. Other geospatial attributes such as:
* how the area is coded (number, letter, mixture of both, other)
* which part of the earth is covered (whole earth, land, water, a continent, a country)
* what kind of area or location is coded (country, county, airport, railstation, city)
* whether an area or a point is coded
A Geocode is a all-natural number representation"
A Geocode representation is derived from the following geospatial attributes: 1. Latitude 2. Longitude 3. Altitude 4. Date 5. Local Time 6. Global Time 7. Other geospatial attributes such as:
* how the area is coded (number, letter, mixture of both, other)
* which part of the earth is covered (whole earth, land, water, a continent, a country)
* what kind of area or location is coded (country, county, airport, railstation, city)
* whether an area or a point is coded
A Geocode is a all-natural number representation"
John Harrison - chronometer inventor
John Harrison - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "John Harrison (March 24, 1693–March 24, 1776) was an English clockmaker who revolutionised and extended the possibility of safe long distance sea travel in the Age of Sail by inventing a long-sought and critically-needed key piece in the problem of accurately establishing the East-West position, or longitude, of a ship at sea."
John Harrison - chronometer inventor
John Harrison - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "John Harrison (March 24, 1693–March 24, 1776) was an English clockmaker who revolutionised and extended the possibility of safe long distance sea travel in the Age of Sail by inventing a long-sought and critically-needed key piece in the problem of accurately establishing the East-West position, or longitude, of a ship at sea."
Saturday, April 14, 2007
Blogging my way to a presentation
I have to make a presentation next Friday at SRI, so this morning I began using the Web to gather the images I needed for my slide set. I'll leave an Ant Trail of my journey to "places" on the web where googleimages leads me. AT will stand for Ant Trail stops on the journey.( I found out that blogger will not accept the little AT circle-a sign so I had to use AT)
As we take this journey together, we will meet some interesting "pals" in the blogosphere and I will acknowledge their help with sidebar posts from their blogs where my "nuggets" of images are found.
AT 1. Here is a clip from my Firefox/google search history(the trail is in inverted order).
The first page of search results; where I found the image I needed.
Voila! here's Big Al.
I found this image on David Seaton's News Links: Al Gore: "We have left undone those things which we ought to have done; And we have done those things which we ought not to have done." along with this cogent summary from David:
I left a thankyou comment for David and linked him hereThoughts Illustrated: Are Crowds Intelligent Life Forms? where my "pal" from the blogosphere The Head Lemur( i don't even know the guy) had this to say on his blog:
As we take this journey together, we will meet some interesting "pals" in the blogosphere and I will acknowledge their help with sidebar posts from their blogs where my "nuggets" of images are found.
AT 1. Here is a clip from my Firefox/google search history(the trail is in inverted order).
The first page of search results; where I found the image I needed.Voila! here's Big Al.
I found this image on David Seaton's News Links: Al Gore: "We have left undone those things which we ought to have done; And we have done those things which we ought not to have done." along with this cogent summary from David:
"In global warming Gore has found an issue of universal concern and has carved himself a universally recognized position as an authority on it. He did this quietly, patiently and methodically. Even if adopting global warming were only a strategy to recreate his political career, it is such a long headed strategy and so subtly executed that it would prove a capacity of analysis, judgment, self control and execution that have long been (longer than six years) missing from the White House. One thing for sure, Al Gore shouldn't have to beg for the presidency. We cannot turn back the clock or undo the harm undone, but there can be second acts in American life."
I left a thankyou comment for David and linked him hereThoughts Illustrated: Are Crowds Intelligent Life Forms? where my "pal" from the blogosphere The Head Lemur( i don't even know the guy) had this to say on his blog:
" One of the most remarkable things about the Internet is the awesome amount of information that is out here. You can find something on just about anything here. But this place is like a huge library where the shelves are empty and the books are piled on the floor. The pile is getting bigger as another truckload has just been delivered in the backdoor. It is all here, but it has little structure or form."Sound familiar?
Tuesday, April 03, 2007
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